Selected Constants

Speed of light (vacuum)

\( c=299792458~m/s \)

Speed of sound (air at STP)

\( v=343~m/s \)

Avogadro constant

\( N_A = 6.02214076 \times 10^{23} ~ mol^{-1} \)

elementary charge

\( e = 1.602176634 \times 10^{-19} ~ C \)

Planck's constant

\( h = 6.62607015 \times 10^{-34} ~ J \cdot s \)

vacuum electric permittivity

\( \epsilon_o = 8.8541878128 \times 10^{-12} ~ F \cdot m \)

electron mass

\( m_e = 9.1093837015 \times 10^{-31} ~ kg \)

proton mass

\( m_p = 1.673 \times 10^{-27} ~ kg \)
(about 1840 times electron mass)

photon energy

\( E = hf = hc/\lambda \)

photon momentum

\( p = E/c = hf/c = h/\lambda \)

Diffraction: